Arctic Char- A Sustainable Land-based Alternative

Aquaculture is one of the booming industries worldwide, especially in Norway. But sea-based aquaculture has had damaging effects on biodiversity, various emissions/discharges, and other related problems. Norwegian authorities, research personnel, and aquaculture Industries are trying to find a sustainable alternative to sea-based aquaculture. Land-based aquaculture is less harmful to nature and is also more beneficial for farmers due to less vulnerability to infectious diseases and sea lice. Arctic char which can be farmed on land-based facilities, can be an excellent alternative for this purpose. Klosser Innovasjon, together with the Norwegian government, is running project Arctic Red to solve this problem by creating an increased value creation of sustainable aquaculture production, R&D, technological improvements, and proper market creation. Market segmentation for Arctic char was performed to identify the beachhead market. Value proposition, value chain analysis, SWOT analysis, end-user profiling, TAM analysis, market survey, and pricing frameworks was done by interview and observation to find the most profitable Business model for the Arctic char farmers

The interplay of long-range magnetic order and single-ion anisotropy in rare earth nickel germanides

This dissertation is concerned with the interplay of long-range order and anisotropy in the tetragonal RNi2Ge2 (R = rare earth) family of compounds. Microscopic magnetic structures were studied using both neutron and x-ray resonant exchange scattering (XRES) techniques;The magnetic structures of Tb, Dy, Eu and Gd members have been determined using high-quality single-crystal samples. TbNi2Ge2 and DyNi2Ge2 order in an amplitude modulated structure below TN, with propagation vectors (0 0 ∼ 0.758) and (0 0 ∼ 0.75), respectively. Below Tt \u3c TN, the structures are equal moment commensurate , described by three modulations, (0 0 ¾) and its third harmonic (0 0 ¼), (½ ½ 0) and (½ ½ ½), respectively. Whereas the Tb compound is uniaxial with moments along the c&d4; axis in both phases, its Dy neighbor has an ordered in-plane component. XRES is the probe of choice for the study of neutron-opaque Eu and Gd members. While EuNi2Ge2 has a simple antiferromagnetic state, (0 0 1), with moments in the basal plane, GdNi2Ge 2 orders with an incommensurate modulation, (0 0 ∼ 0.793) at TN. There is an ordered component along c&d4; in the Gd compound below TN but above Tt. Below Tt, Gd moment is locked to the basal plane;This work has correlated a strong Fermi surface nesting to the magnetic ordering in the RNi2Ge2 compounds. Generalized susceptibility, c0 (q), calculations found nesting to be responsible for both incommensurate ordering wave vector in GdNi2Ge 2, and the commensurate structure in EuNi2Ge 2. A continuous transition from incommensurate to commensurate magnetic structures via band filling is predicted. The surprisingly higher TN in EuNi2Ge2 than that in GdNi 2Ge2 is also explained;Next, all the metamagnetic phases in TbNi2Ge2 with an applied field along the c&d4; axis have been characterized with neutron diffraction measurements. A mixed phase model for the first metamagnetic structure consisting of fully-saturated as well as reduced-moment Tb ions is presented. The moment reduction may be due to moment instability which is possible if the exchange is comparable to the low-lying CEF level splitting and the ground state is a singlet. In such a case, certain Tb sites may experience a local field below the critical value needed to reach saturation

Channel Estimation And Correction Methods For Ofdma Based Lte Downlink System

In present era, cellular communication plays a vital role for communicating over long distance. The number of mobile subscribers is increasing tremendously day by day. 3GPP LTE is the evolution of the UMTS in response to ever-increasing demands for high quality multimedia services according to users\u27 expectations. The average data consumption exceeds hundreds of Megabytes per subscriber per month. To introduce, summarize and get acquainted with this new technology LTE is one of the main objectives of my thesis. The Downlink is always considered an important factor in terms of coverage and capacity aspects in between Downlink and Uplink factors for cellular communication. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) are the new technologies which enhance the performance of the traditional wireless communication experience for downlink. In this thesis, we considered the downlink system for channel estimation by using different algorithms and interpolation methods. Channel Estimation algorithms such as Least Squares Estimation (LSE) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) have been evaluated for different channel models. The interpolation method used in algorithms is Linear, Piecewise constant, Averaged and Pilot averaged. I measured the performance of these algorithms in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Symbol Error Rate (SER). The results are presented to illustrate the salient concept of the LTE communication system

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Issue to Corporate Financial Performance (CFP): An Empirical Evidence on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) Listed Banking Companies in Bangladesh

The newly developed and talked concept in the form of business is the “social and community enterprise” which provides corporations to act in socially responsive ways. Now business enterprises move beyond only philanthropic acts toward a more sustainable form ensuring long term commitments to societies and communities. Social responsibility communication has now become a critical issue for many established companies. This paper gives an insight into the practice and experience of social commitment and empirically examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on Corporate Financial performance (CFP) of the banking companies. A detailed questionnaire survey has been carried out to know the perceptions of CSR under the heading of ten perceptions. The study reveals that most of the companies strongly support in favor of “Ethical Conduct in Business”. Beside this, majority of the social & professional groups strongly support in favor of “Prevention from environmental pollution”. It considers key issues of CSR strategy options, considerations and factors denoting the CSR strategy and success. Finally the study opines focusing on environmentally friendly business that issues to financial performance. Key words: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Annual Report of Banks, Corporate Financial Performance (CFP)

Interactions of 5 GeV/c positive pions in hydrogen

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Performance analysis of a MIMO Optical wireless link with space Time Block Code (STBC)

This thesis report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis report.Includes bibliographical references (page 22).Performance analysis will be carried out for space time block coded multiple input multiple output (MIMO) optical wireless link considering nakagami-m fading model. The diversity reception in the receiving will be carried out by multiple receiving antenna with maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique. The expression of the receiver output will be derived for several sets of space time block codes considering the above fading model. The probability density function (PDF) of the output of the MRC combiner will be developed and will be used to find the unconditional average bit error rate (BER). The performance results will be evaluated numerically in terms of BER for several scode and system parameters. The optimum system design parameters wll be determined at a given BER.Md. Zahirul IslamB. Computer Science and Engineerin

A MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN EVALUATING ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION PROBLEMS

The main motivation for this paper is the recognition of the fact that asymmetric information is the form of moral hazard and adverse selection results in sizeable efficiency losses. These costs are passed back to producers in the form of excessively high premium rates and also passed back to the government via the crop insurance subsidy program. A secondary motivation stems from a recent debate in the literature regarding the specific effects of moral hazard on agricultural input use. Conventional wisdom suggests that moral hazard will induce producers to reduce input usage. A competing hypothesis has emerged which suggests that moral hazard may induce producers to increase their usage or risk increasing inputs. The main objective of this paper was to develop a model of agricultural insurance to understand why asymmetric information problems might exist and to compute and evaluate the relative program costs of agricultural insurance that can be attributed to moral hazard and adverse selection. These objectives are achieved by developing a theoretical model of agricultural insurance, and by conducting numerical simulations of the model. Simulation results indicated that insured farmers use less agricultural inputs than uninsured farmers in an attempt to maximize expected indemnities. Moral hazard was fould to be a significant problem only at higher coverage levels. Expected returns (in term of expected indemnities) to agricultural insurance were found to vary substantially between productivity (i.e., risk) types, and farmers were shown to recognize and respond to these differences. These results suggest that crop insurance is confronted with an adverse selection problem. Simulation results further indicated that program costs to a myopic insurer attributed to moral hazard and adverse selection could be substantial.Risk and Uncertainty,

THE ECONOMICS AND IMPLICATIONS OF EX-ANTE REGULATIONS IN ADDRESSING PROBLEMS OF MORAL HAZARD IN AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE

In this paper we develop a theoretical model of input supply by agricultural producers who purchase crop insurance and so who may engage in moral hazard. We show, through simulations, that a combination of partial insurance coverage combined with a minimum standard for input use may reduce substantially the problems associated with moral hazard. Partial insurance coverage creates an incentive for the producer to increase his use of inputs since the cost of lower output is partially borne by the producer, an outcome which would not be present under full coverage insurance. Partial monitoring of inputs, in the form of a minimum requirement for input use, has a direct effect on the reduction of moral hazard. We show that, rather than being substitute instruments, these are in fact complementary methods of encouraging a more efficient supply of inputs. Moreover, the minimum level of input use that must be required by regulation turns over to be substantially lower than the optimal or actual input level chosen by producers. Since the supply of inputs for crop production occurs in many stages over the pre-planting, planting and growing seasons, the fact that only a minimal input requirement is needed means that the cost of implementing such a regulation can be kept much lower than would be the case for a regulation of complete monitoring of input usage.Risk and Uncertainty,

Factors Affecting Customer’s Preferences in Selecting Credit Card in Bangladesh

This paper focuses on the different factors that affect the customer’s preference in selecting credit cards in Bangladesh. More than three hundred and fifty credit card users are taken as a sample from the south region of Bangladesh of different banks. In this study the most important influencing factors are discount and reward, maximum credit limit, loan payment system and loan processing system to the users of credit card. One way ANOVA test was used to test the significance between different factors.  KMO and Barlett’s test was also used to measure sampling adequacy and to analyze the strength of associations among different variables. Other influencing factors are annual charge, interest rate on unpaid amount, accessibility, validity period, loan payment time, different favorable terms. ‘Interest rate’ is the most critical factor in this research that affects the customer preference greatly in selecting credit cards. The interest rate is as high as thirty to forty percent annually. Even interest is charged daily basis on the unpaid amount. Annual charge on credit card is also high and on an average difficult to avoid. Keywords: Credit card, customer’s preference, principal factors, card holder, grace period, Bangladesh